Who coined the term "ecosystem"?

The term "ecosystem" was coined by A.G. Tansley in 1935. Tansley used this term to describe a biological community along with its physical environment, emphasizing the interactions between living organisms and their surroundings. This concept has been foundational in ecology, as it allows for the understanding of complex interactions and energy flows within natural systems. Tansley's work laid the groundwork for future ecological studies by highlighting the importance of both biotic and abiotic components in maintaining ecological balance.

In contrast, figures like Charles Darwin focused on natural selection and evolution, contributing essential theories in biology but not specifically on ecosystems as a concept. Rachel Carson is renowned for her work on environmental science and conservation, particularly her book "Silent Spring," which raised awareness about pesticides' environmental impact. Similarly, Eugene Odum made significant contributions to ecology and ecosystem science, but he did not coin the term itself; rather, he expanded on Tansley’s ideas by promoting the understanding of ecosystems' structure and function.