Which structure in plant cells is responsible for photosynthesis?

The structure in plant cells responsible for photosynthesis is the chloroplast. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, the green pigment that captures light energy, which is essential for the process of photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, chloroplasts convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight. This process not only provides energy for the plant but also produces oxygen as a byproduct, which is vital for life on Earth.

In contrast, mitochondria are the sites of respiration, where energy stored in glucose is converted into ATP, the energy currency of cells. The nucleus contains the genetic material and is central to regulating cellular activities, including growth and reproduction. The cell wall provides structural support and protection to the plant cell but does not play a direct role in photosynthesis. Thus, among the options provided, chloroplasts are uniquely suited for the photosynthetic process.