Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels?

Insulin is the primary hormone responsible for regulating blood sugar levels in the body. It is produced by the beta cells in the pancreas and plays a crucial role in controlling glucose metabolism. When blood sugar levels rise after consuming food, insulin is released into the bloodstream. Its main function is to facilitate the uptake of glucose by cells, allowing them to use it for energy or store it as glycogen in the liver and muscle tissues.

Moreover, insulin helps in maintaining homeostasis by promoting the synthesis of fats and proteins while inhibiting gluconeogenesis (the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources) and lipolysis (the breakdown of fats). This regulation is vital for preventing hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels) that can arise from conditions such as diabetes mellitus.

While glucagon, adrenaline, and cortisol do influence blood sugar levels, they primarily act in response to low blood sugar situations. Glucagon raises blood glucose by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Adrenaline increases blood sugar levels during stress by promoting glycogen breakdown and inhibiting insulin. Cortisol, a stress hormone, has a broader effect on metabolism, increasing blood sugar levels over time during prolonged fasting or stress. Hence, while they all interact with blood sugar