What is the fundamental role of chelating agents like D-penicillamine?

Chelating agents, such as D-penicillamine, play a crucial role in medical treatments by binding to metal ions in the body. This binding forms stable complexes that can be easily excreted, particularly through urine, which helps in the removal of excess or toxic metals from the system.

D-penicillamine is often used to treat conditions associated with metal overload, such as Wilson’s disease, where there is an accumulation of copper. By chelating the copper, D-penicillamine facilitates its elimination, thus preventing potential damage to organs and tissues. This mechanism is vital because excessive metal accumulation can lead to various health issues, including neurological and liver damage.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately describe the primary function of chelating agents like D-penicillamine. They are not designed to enhance the absorption of metals, prevent infections, or act as an energy source. Rather, their specific action focuses on alleviating metal toxicity and promoting the safe excretion of harmful substances from the body.