Photorespiration is also known as which of the following?

Photorespiration is commonly referred to as C2 photorespiration. This term comes from the fact that the process involves the combination of two carbon compounds, primarily phosphoglycolate, which is produced when oxygen instead of carbon dioxide is incorporated into ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate during the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme RuBisCO. The pathway is viewed as a wasteful process because the fixation of oxygen leads to the release of carbon dioxide, ultimately reducing the overall efficiency of photosynthesis.

The other terms presented are associated with different processes. C4 photosynthesis refers to a different pathway that many plants use to initially fix carbon dioxide into a four-carbon compound, which helps to minimize photorespiration. Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose for energy, distinctly separate from photosynthetic processes. The Calvin cycle, meanwhile, is the set of chemical reactions in photosynthesis that takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts, where carbon dioxide is fixed into organic molecules but is not synonymous with photorespiration.

Recognizing C2 photorespiration is integral to understanding how plants adapt to varying conditions of carbon dioxide and oxygen availability.